At the walk, healthy horses rely on passive neck motion to support balance and efficient movement. The characteristic figure-8 pattern of the head and neck coordinates with the forelimbs, reveal­ing important clues about biomechanics, soundness, and compensation.

Performance lameness does not always present as a clear head-nod or limp. In many sport horses, discomfort in the neck, back, or pelvis shows up first as subtle performance decline rather than obvious limb lameness.

When pain persists beyond tissue healing, the nervous system itself may be driving discomfort. Central sensitization and neuropathic pain help explain exaggerated reactions, inconsistent movement, and behavior changes in horses.