Equine Complex Vertebral Malformation (ECVM) — Part 2: Recognizing Performance, Behavior, and Pain Signs

Subtle changes in posture, neck carriage, and expression can be early clues to discomfort. In horses with ECVM, these signs often appear before obvious lameness or performance decline.

ECVM does not present with a single, obvious symptom. Instead, it often appears as a collection of performance, behavior, and pain-related signs that may be mistakenly attributed to training issues or attitude.

From a performance standpoint, horses may show a shortened stride in one or both forelimbs, difficulty bending or collecting, and reduced elevation of the forehand. Movement can feel inconsistent, especially on circles, where asymmetry becomes more apparent.

Behaviorally, some horses resist tack or specific aids, hesitate to move forward, or display defensive reactions such as ear pinning, tail swishing, or avoidance of contact. Others may become increasingly anxious or reactive under saddle.

Pain-related signs can include head tossing, unusual neck carriage, sensitivity around the girth or shoulder, stiffness when turning the head, or intermittent stumbling. These signs may fluctuate, making them easy to dismiss—until they persist.

It’s important to note that none of these signs are exclusive to ECVM. Similar patterns can be seen with soft tissue injuries, saddle fit issues, or other orthopedic conditions. This overlap makes veterinary evaluation and diagnostic imaging essential for accurate diagnosis.

Next: why the neck is so central to balance, movement, and performance.